Difference between revisions of "Target WP1"
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| CERN n_TOF<sup>[9]</sup> || 0.023 || 27.2 (0.83–0.28) || 3–20~ (8–50) || Pb || H<sub>2</sub>O || AA 6082 || 90~ || || p || 20 || 0.02 (4σ) || 2008 (2nd target) || 10 years~ (design) | | CERN n_TOF<sup>[9]</sup> || 0.023 || 27.2 (0.83–0.28) || 3–20~ (8–50) || Pb || H<sub>2</sub>O || AA 6082 || 90~ || || p || 20 || 0.02 (4σ) || 2008 (2nd target) || 10 years~ (design) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | CERN AD-target<sup>[9]</sup> || 0.026 || 62.4 (0.4–0.01) || 90–3600~ (8700) || Ir || H<sub>2</sub>O || C block || 3000~ (300) || 2700~ || p || 26 || 0.4 || 1990 | + | | CERN AD-target<sup>[9]</sup> || 0.026 || 62.4 (0.4–0.01) || 90–3600~ (8700) || Ir || H<sub>2</sub>O || C block || 3000~ (300) || 2700~ || p || 26 || 0.4 || 1990+ || 3–4 years~ (expected) |
|- | |- | ||
| CERN North Area (4 targets)<sup>[9]</sup> || 0.2 || 960 (0.07–0.02) - slow extr. || 120~ (550) || Be || Air || Ti || 50–60 || 20 || p, ions || 400 || 4800000–9600000 || 1976~ || 30+ years | | CERN North Area (4 targets)<sup>[9]</sup> || 0.2 || 960 (0.07–0.02) - slow extr. || 120~ (550) || Be || Air || Ti || 50–60 || 20 || p, ions || 400 || 4800000–9600000 || 1976~ || 30+ years | ||
Revision as of 18:21, 5 June 2013
This PASI targets work package concerns high-power-density solid target development and operation, including material studies and target monitoring systems. It is coordinated by David Jenkins.
Contents
Existing Targets
Milestone 1.1 requires a review of existing (or previously constructed or under-construction) high power targets, whether for neutron spallation or otherwise.
NB:
- 0 in columns for pulses indicates CW operation.
- X (@Y) power indicates that X is the design power but has only achieved Y megawatts in operation so far.
- Powers in Watts are time-averaged; energies in Joules are for an individual pulse. The kJ/pulse column shows beam energy, whereas the volumetric (W/cm3, J/cm3) shows the heat deposited in the target at the most intense point.
- Temperatures are the max and min attained by the target material during operation. Rise per pulse is the highest ΔT found anywhere in the target.
| Facility | Power: MW avg. | kJ/pulse (rep. rate, Hz) | W/cm3 (J/cm3) | Material: Target | Coolant | Window | Temperature: Max (Min), °C | Rise in pulse, K | Beam: Species | Energy, GeV | Pulse length, <math>\mu</math>s | Operation: year(s) beam on target | Target lifetime |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J-PARC - Current Hadron Target[5] | 0.075 | 3.5 (0.167) | 200 (1240) | Pt(Au)-rod, Cu-base | H2O | Be | 872 (avg. 407) | 710 | p | 30 | 2000000 | 2012 | |
| J-PARC - T2K[5] | 0.75 | 2500 (0.3) | 83 (300) | C | He | Ti-6Al-4V | 800 (30) | 196[4] | p | 30 | 5 | 2009 | 5 years |
| MiniBooNE[7] | 0.032 | 6.4 (5) | 120 (24) | Be | Air | Be | 7[4] | p | 8 | 1.6 | 2002 | 5+ years | |
| NuMI[7] | 0.4 | 750 (0.53) | 320 (600) | C | H2O | Be | 391[4] | p | 120 | 8.6 | 2004 | 1 year | |
| ANU/NOvA[7] | 0.7 | 933 (0.75) | 450 (600) | C | H2O | Be | 391[4] | p | 120 | 10 | 2012 | 0.5 year | |
| FNAL Pbar[7] | 0.052 | 104 (0.5) | 7650 (15300) | Inconel | Air | Be | 4287[4] | p | 120 | 1.6 | 1986 | 0.5 year | |
| PSI SINQ/Solid Target[6] | 0.97 | 0 | 800 | Pb/Zr | D2O | AlMg3 (D2O cooled) | 500 (30) | 0 | p | 0.59 | 0 | 1997 | 2 years |
| PSI SINQ/MEGAPIE[6] | 0.97 | 0 | 1000 | LBE | LBE | SS T91 (D2O cooled) | 340 (230) | 0 | p | 0.59 | 0 | 2006 (only) | 1 year |
| PSI UCN[6] | 0.014 (1.42 peak) | 10400 (0.00125) | 500 | Pb/Zr | D2O | AlMg3 (D2O cooled) | 500 (30) | 470 | p | 0.59 | 2000000–8000000 | 2011 | 20+ years |
| SNS[2] | 1.4 (@1.0) | 23 (60) | 750 (13) | Hg (in stainless steel) | Hg | Inconel-718 (Aluminum-6061 next change-out) | 200 (60) | 7[4] | p | 1 | 0.7 | 2006 | 5000MW.hrs design (10DPA), 3250 so far |
| ISIS TS1[3] | 0.2 (@0.16) | 4 (50) | 1000 (25) | W (Ta clad) | D2O | Inconel-718 (water cooled) | 250 (30) | 10[4] | p | 0.8 | 0.1 (x2, spaced by 0.3) | 1985 | 5 years~ |
| ISIS TS2[3] | 0.05 (@0.04) | 1 (50) | 1000 (100) | W (Ta clad) | H2O | Al alloy 5083-0 (passive He cooled) | 400 (36) | 39[4] | p | 0.8 | 0.1 (x2, spaced by 0.3) | 2008 | 5 years~ |
| LANSCE - Lujan | 0.1 | 5 (20) | 350 (18) | W | 7[4] | p | 0.8 | 0.25 | |||||
| LANSCE - UCN | ? | ? (20) | 350 (18) | W | 7[4] | p | 0.8 | 0.25 | |||||
| LANSCE - IPF | 0.1 | 5 (20) | 350 (18) | Various | p | 0.1? | 0.25 | ||||||
| CERN's CNGS[9] | 0.48 | 1500~ (2 every 6s, 50ms apart) | 320 (1900) | C (PT2020) | Air (forced convection + radiation cooling) | Be | 1900~ (300) | 800~ | p | 400 | 10.5 | 2007–2012 (~1.5 DPA) | 5 years ok |
| CERN n_TOF[9] | 0.023 | 27.2 (0.83–0.28) | 3–20~ (8–50) | Pb | H2O | AA 6082 | 90~ | p | 20 | 0.02 (4σ) | 2008 (2nd target) | 10 years~ (design) | |
| CERN AD-target[9] | 0.026 | 62.4 (0.4–0.01) | 90–3600~ (8700) | Ir | H2O | C block | 3000~ (300) | 2700~ | p | 26 | 0.4 | 1990+ | 3–4 years~ (expected) |
| CERN North Area (4 targets)[9] | 0.2 | 960 (0.07–0.02) - slow extr. | 120~ (550) | Be | Air | Ti | 50–60 | 20 | p, ions | 400 | 4800000–9600000 | 1976~ | 30+ years |
| CERN ISOLDE-solid porous nano[9] | 0.003 | 3.4 (0.4) - 4x230ns / 2μs | 32 | 50% density, micron foils, nanostructured oxides and carbides (Ta, Nb,SiC, UC2-C2, Y2O3, CaO, BeO, …) | H2O | Al, Ta, Ta/C | 600–2300 | 50–200 | p | 1–1.4 | 0.06 | 1992 (2006 for nano) | 1–4 weeks or 1019 protons |
| CERN ISOLDE-spallation n[9] | 0.003 | 3.4 (0.4) - 4x230ns / 2μs | 160 | W | H2O | Al | n.a. | 200 | p | 1–1.4 | 0.06 | 2002 | 1–4 weeks or 1019 protons |
| CERN ISOLDE - molten metal[9] | 0.001 | 1.2 (0.4) - 4x230ns / 2μs | - | La, Pb, Sn | H2O | Al, Ta | 300–1400 | 100–500 | p | 1–1.4 | 0.06 | 1994 | 1–4 weeks or 1019 protons |
| Birmingham - BNCT Target[8] | 0.0045 (now); 0.01 (future) | 0 | 140000 | Li with Cu backing | D2O | None | 140~ | 0 | p | 0.0028 | 0 | 1980s onward | 5 years~ |
Sources
Original whole table: John Haines (SNS), updated by Patrick Hurh (FNAL), arrived at Stephen Brooks (RAL) via ISIS.
- http://www.hep.princeton.edu/mumu/target/Ilias/ilias_101909.pdf slide 4
- E-mail from Bernie Riemer, Van Greaves (ORNL). 200°C is maximum mercury hot-spot temperature, 60°C is worst-case inlet temperature.
- David Jenkins (ISIS, RAL)
- Rough calculations by Stephen Brooks using the J/cm3 column and densities and specific heats of materials from the web at room temperature. Should be replaced by more accurate values if possible.
- E-mail from Hideaki Hotchi (J-PARC).
- E-mail from Bertrand Blau (PSI).
- Updated spreadsheet from Patrick Hurh (FNAL).
- Spreadsheet from Rob Edgecock (RAL/Huddersfield).
- Spreadsheet from Marco Calviani (CERN).
Future Targets
Milestones 1.2 and 1.3 require knowledge of the requirements for future high power target projects and candidate target materials.
| Facility | Power: MW avg. | kJ/pulse (rep. rate) | W/cm3 (J/cm3) | Material: Target | Coolant | Window | Temperature: Max (Min), °C | Rise in pulse, K | Beam: Species | Energy, GeV | Pulse length, <math>\mu</math>s | Operation: expected beam on target | Expected lifetime |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESS Lund[3] | 5 | 357 (14) | 5200 (371) | W | He | ? | 500 | 137 | p | 2.5 | 2860 | 2019 | |
| EURISOL | 4 | 80 (50) | 100000 (2000) | Hg | 1059[2] | p | 2.2 | 3 | |||||
| IFMIF | 10 | 0 | 100000 | Li(l) | 0 | d | 0.04 | 0 | |||||
| J-PARC - Future Hadron Target[4] | 0.75 | 32 (0.292) | 140 (98) | rotating Ni disk | H2O | Be | 78.6 (47.9) | 30.7 | p | 50 | 700000 | ||
| J-PARC - T2K Upgrade | 4 | 13333 (0.3) | ? (?) | C | p | 50 | 5 | ||||||
| Project X - Kaon[5] | 1+ | 0 | ? | C | 0 | p | 3 | 0 | 2024 | 2 years | |||
| Project X - Muon[5] | 1+ | 0 | ? | C | 0 | p | 3 | 0 | 2024 | 2 years | |||
| Project X - Nuclear[5] | 1+ | 0 | ? | High-Z | 0 | p | 1.5-3 | 0 | 2020 | 2 years | |||
| Project X - Energy Station[5] | 1+ | 0 | ? | LBE? | 0 | p | 1.5-3 | 0 | 2020 | 1 year | |||
| LBNE[5] | 0.7 | 1000 (0.7) | 178 (254) | C | H2O | Be | 166[2] | p | 120 | 10 | 2023 | 0.5 year | |
| LBNE - Upgrade[5] | 2.3 | 3286 (0.7) | 592 (846) | C | 552[2] | p | 120 | 10 | 2030 | 0.25 year | |||
| FRIB | 0.4 | 0 | 60000000 | C | 0 | Ions (p to U) | 1-48 | 0 | |||||
| SNS STS long pulse | 1.5 | 75 (20) | 39 (57) | W/Ta (rotating) or Hg | p | 1.3 | 1000 | ||||||
| Neutrino Factory[1] | 4 | 27 (50x3) | 100000 (750) | Hg (jet) | Hg | 1221[2] (30) | 397[2] | p | 5-15 | 0.007 (x3 in 240) | |||
| Muon Collider[1] | 4 | 270 (15) | 100000 (7500) | Hg (jet) | Hg | 4002[2] (30) | 3972[2] | p | 5-15 | 0.007 | |||
| LANSCE - Mat Test | 0.8 | 6.7 (120) | 2400 (20) | LBE | 12[2] | p | 0.8 | 1000 | |||||
| Mu2e[6] | 0.008 | 0.00001 (600000) | 660 | W/Ir | Radiation | Be? | 1500 (steady state) | p | 8 | ||||
| Myrrha[6] | 2.4 | 0 | 0 | Pb-Bi eutectic | Pb-Bi | Undecided | p | 0.6 | |||||
| FAFNIR[6] | 1 | 0 | 0 | C (rotating) | Radiation | d | 0.04 | ||||||
| Kyoto - BNCT[6] | 0.03 | 0 | ~100 (ave) | Be | H2O | None | 0 | p | 0.01 | 0 | 2013 |
Sources
Original table John Haines (SNS), updated by Patrick Hurh (FNAL), arrived at Stephen Brooks (RAL) via ISIS.
- E-mail from Kirk McDonald (Princeton).
- Rough calculations by Stephen Brooks using the J/cm3 column and densities and specific heats of materials from the web at room temperature. Should be replaced by more accurate values if possible. Neutrino factory max temperature calculated with the heating from 3 sub-pulses.
- Information via Tristan Davenne (high-power targets group, technology divison, RAL)
- E-mail from Hideaki Hotchi (J-PARC).
- Updated spreadsheet from Patrick Hurh (FNAL).
- Spreadsheet from Rob Edgecock (RAL/Huddersfield).
Target Materials
Milestone 1.3.1 requires a survey of target materials already in use. Rob Edgecock has prepared the table below of current target materials.
| Target Material | Product | Location | Target type | Beam particle | Energy | Mean power | Rep. rate | W/cm3 | kJ/pulse | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium | Neutrons via Li(p,n)Be | Various | Solid and liquid | p | ≥2 MeV | ≤12 kW (solid) | DC | 100000 | 0 | |
| 7Be via the same reaction | ||||||||||
| Beryllium | Neutrons via Be(p,n) | Various | Solid | p | ~10 MeV | 30 kW | CW | ~100 | 0 | |
| Muons | TRIUMF | Solid | p | 500 MeV | 100 kW | CW | ||||
| Neutrinos | FNAL (MiniBooNE) | Solid | p | 8 GeV | 30 kW | pulsed 5Hz | 120 | 6.4 | ||
| Various | CERN SPS | Solid | p | 450 GeV | 300 kW | pulsed | ||||
| Boron | 7Be via 10B(p,α)7Be | Solid | p | >1 MeV | Low | Not routinely used. | ||||
| Carbon | Neutrinos | CERN (CNGS) | Solid | p | 400 GeV | 510 kW | pulsed 2 bunches every 6s | ? | 1500 | |
| Anti-protons | CERN (AD) | Solid | p | 26 GeV | 60 kW | pulsed | ||||
| Neutrinos | FNAL (NuMI) | Solid | p | 120 GeV | 375 kW | pulsed 0.5Hz | 320 | 750 | ||
| Neutrinos | T2K | Solid | p | 30 GeV | 135 kW | pulsed 0.3Hz | 80 | 2500 | ||
| Muons | PSI | Rotating | p | 600 MeV | 40 kW | CW | ||||
| Muons | TRIUMF | Solid | p | 500 MeV | 100 kW | CW | ||||
| Muons | RAL | Solid | p | 800 MeV | 20 kW | pulsed | ||||
| Nitrogen-13 via 12C(d,n)13N | Various | Solid or carbon slurry | d | 10 MeV | 4 kW | CW | ||||
| Nitrogen | Carbon-11 via 14N(p,α)11C | Various | Gas | p | 25 MeV | >1 kW | CW | |||
| Oxygen-15 via 14N(d,n)15) | Various | Gas | d | 10 MeV | 4 kW | CW | ||||
| Oxygen | Florine-18 via 18O(p,n)18F | Everywhere! | 18O enriched in water | p | 14 MeV | ≥1 kW | CW | |||
| Nitrogen-13 via 16O(p,α)13N | Various | Water | p | 20 MeV | >2 kW | CW | ||||
| Neon | Florine-18 via 20Ne(d,α)18F | Various | Gas | d | 15 MeV | >2 kW | CW | Not the favoured reaction | ||
| Sulphur | 34mCl via S(p,x)34mCl | Various | Solid | p | 20 MeV | <1 kW | CW | Not the favoured reaction | ||
| Chlorine | 34mCl via Cl(p,x)34mCl | ? | p | 40 MeV | ||||||
| Scandium | Neutrons (via D-T) | Various | Solid | p | 180 kV | small! | Both | |||
| 45Ti via 45Sc(p,n)45Ti | Lund | Solid | p | 6 MeV | 120 W | DC | ||||
| Titanium | Vanadium-48 via 48Ti(p,n)48V | Various | Solid | p | 20 MeV | ~1 kW | CW | |||
| Manganese | Cobalt-57 via Mn(α,2n)57Co | Solid | α | 40 MeV | ~1 kW | CW | ||||
| Iron-55 via Mn(p,n)55Fe | Solid | p | 10 MeV | ~2 kW | CW | |||||
| Iron | Cobalt-55 via Fe(p,x)55Co | Solid natural iron | p | 30 MeV | >5 kW | CW | ||||
| Cobalt | Copper-61 via 59Co(α,2n)61Cu | Solid | α | 40 MeV | ~2 kW | CW | ||||
| Nickel | Anti-protons | FNAL | Solid rotatable | p | 120 GeV | 200 kW | pulsed 0.5Hz | 7000 | 130 | |
| Cobalt-55 via Ni(p,x)55Co | Ni layer on Cu | p | 25 MeV | >5 kW | CW | |||||
| Cobalt-57 via Ni(p,x)57Co | Ni layer on Cu | p | 40 MeV | ~2 kW | CW | |||||
| Copper | Zinc-62 via Cu(p,x)62Zn | Cu foil | p | 40 MeV | ~5 kW | CW | ||||
| Zinc-63 via Cu(p,x)63Zn | Cu foil | p | 20 MeV | ~3 kW | CW | |||||
| Zinc | Germanium-68 via Zn(α,x)68Ge | Solid | α | 50 MeV | >10 kW | CW | ||||
| Gallium | Germanium-68 via Ga(p,x)68Ge | Niobium coated gallium | p | 50 MeV | >10 kW | CW | 68Ge usually produced with large accelerators | |||
| Germanium | Arsenic-73 via Ge(p,x)73As | Ge foil | p | 20 MeV | >5 kW | CW | Currently done at 100 MeV at LANL | |||
| Arsenic-73 via Ge(α,x)73As | Ge foil | α | 40 MeV | >5 kW | CW | |||||
| Arsenic-74 via Ge(p,n)74As | Ge foil | p | 5 MeV | >5 kW | CW | |||||
| Arsenic | Bromine-75 via 75As(α,4n)75Br | Solid, usually alloy | α | 40 MeV | >2 kW | CW | ||||
| Bromine-76 via 75As(α,3n)76Br | Solid, usually alloy | α | 30 MeV | >2 kW | CW | |||||
| Bromine-77 via 75As(α,2n)77Br | Solid, usually alloy | α | 25 MeV | >2 kW | CW | |||||
| Bromine | Bromine-76 via Br(p,xn)76Kr | Solid as a salt | p | 65 MeV | >10 kW | CW | ||||
| Bromine-76 via Br(d,xn)76Kr | Solid as a salt | d | 80 MeV | >10 kW | CW | |||||
| Krypton | Rubidium-81 via Kr(p,x)81Rb | Gas | p | 70 MeV | >5 kW | CW | ||||
| Rubidium | Strontium-82 via 85Rb(p,4n)82Sr | Solid | p | 60 MeV | >10 kW | CW | ||||
| Strontium | Yttrium-86 via 88Sr(p,3n)86Y | Solid as oxide | p | 50 MeV | >5 kW | CW | ||||
| Yttrium-88 via 88Sr(p,n)88Y | Solid as oxide | p | 25 MeV | ~2 kW | CW | |||||
| Yttrium | Zirconium-89 via Y(p,n)89Zr | Yttrium foil | p | 20 MeV | ~2 kW | CW | ||||
| Rhodium | Palladium-103 via 103Rh(p,n)103Pd | Solid in various forms | p | 20 MeV | >2 kW | CW | ||||
| Silver | Cadmium-109 via 109Ag(p,n)109Cd | Silver foil or oxide | p | 12 MeV | >5 kW | CW | ||||
| Cadmium | Indium-111 via Cd(p,xn)111In | Cd on Cu backing | p | 25 MeV | ~2 kW | CW | ||||
| Iodine | 120gI via 127I(p,8n)120Xe | Molten salt or liquid iodine | p | >65 MeV | >10 kW | CW | ||||
| Iodine-123 via 127I(p,5n)123I | Molten salt or liquid iodine | p | >55 MeV | >5 kW | CW | |||||
| Xenon-122 via 127I(p,6n)122Xe | p | 80 MeV | >10 kW | CW | ||||||
| Xenon-127 via 127I(p,n)127Xe | p | 20 MeV | >5 kW | CW | ||||||
| Tantalum | Neutrons via spallation | E.g. ISIS | Solid | p | 800 MeV | 130 kW | pulsed 50Hz | 700 | 3 | No longer used anywhere? |
| Tungsten-178 via 181Ta(p,4n)178W | E.g. BLIP, BNL | Ta foil | p | 50 MeV | >3 kW | CW | ||||
| Tungsten | Neutrons via spallation | ISIS, LANSCE | Solid (Ta coating) | p | 800 MeV | 180 kW | pulsed 50Hz | 1000 | 4 | |
| Neutrons | ISOLDE | Solid | p | 1.4 GeV | 5.7 kW | pulsed 0.8Hz | 5000 | |||
| X-rays | e.g. x-ray linacs | Solid | e | 10 MeV | ||||||
| Platinum | 195mHg via Pt(α,x)195mHg | Solid | α | >40 MeV | >2 kW | CW | ||||
| Hadrons | JPARC | Solid | p | 30 GeV | 75 kW | pulsed 0.2Hz | 200 | 3.5 | Now replaced | |
| Gold | 195mHg via 197Au(p,3n)195mHg | Solid | p | 40 MeV | >2 kW | CW | ||||
| Hadrons | JPARC | Solid | p | 30 GeV | 75 kW | pulsed 0.2Hz | 200 | 3.5 | ||
| Mercury | Neutrons via spallation | SNS, JSNS | Liquid contained | p | 1 GeV | 1.4 MW | pulsed 60Hz | 750 | 20 | |
| Tallium | Lead-203 via Tl(p,x)203Pb | Solid, as oxide | p | 35 MeV | >1 kW | CW | ||||
| Tallium-201 via 203Tl(p,3n)201Pb | Various | Enriched 203Tl | p | 35 MeV | ~2 kW | CW | Widely used radioisotope | |||
| Lead | Neutrons via spallation | PSI (SINQ), CERN (n-TOF) | Solid, Zirkaloy clad | p | 590 MeV, 26 GeV | 1 MW, 22 kW | CW | 800 | 0 | |
| Bismuth | Astatine-211 via 209Bi(α,2n)211At | Solid | α | ~30 MeV | Low | |||||
| Radium | Actinium-225 via 226Ra(p,2n)225Ac | Solid | p | ~17 MeV | Low | CW | Limited use | |||
| Uranium | Neutrons via spallation | ISIS | Solid | p | 800 MeV | 120 kW | pulsed 50Hz | 700 | 3 | Not used for long |
| Neutrons via photonuclear reactions | IRMM | Solid cooled with mercury! | e | 100 MeV | 10 kW (ave) | pulsed | ||||
| Inconel | Antiprotons | FNAL | Solid | p | 120 GeV | 50 kW | pulsed 0.5Hz | 11000 | 190 |
Future
| Target Material | Product | Location | Target type | Beam particle | Energy | Mean power | Rep. rate | W/cm3 | kJ/pulse | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Titanium | Positrons | ILC | Solid | photon | 10 MeV | 145 kW | 5 Hz | |||
| Gallium | Neutrinos | Neutrino Factory | Liquid | p | 10 GeV | 4 MW | 50 Hz | Possible alternative to Hg | ||
| Molybdenum | 99mTc via 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc | Solid | p | 24 MeV | 500 kW | CW | Possibility for neutron spallation? | |||
| Iridium | Muons | Mu2e | Solid | p | 8 GeV | 8 kW | pulsed | Possibility for neutron spallation? | ||
| Mercury | Neutrinos | Neutrino Factory | Liquid jet | p | 10 GeV | 4 MW | pulsed | |||
| Lead-bismuth | Neutrons | MYRRHA | Liquid | p | 600 MeV | 2.4 MW | CW | |||
| Neutrons | PSI | Liquid | p | 590 MeV | >1 MW | pulsed |
Overlap with RadiATE
The RadiATE (Radiation damage in Accelerator Target Enviroments) project between the UK and US labs overlaps with the PASI targets UK remit. Particularly in milestones 1.5 (assessing target lifetime due to radiation) and 1.6 (radiation damage studies at an existing facility). There is considerable interest in dissecting irradiated targets for material studies.
Meetings
WP1 meetings may be found in the list of PASI Targets meetings.
